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The concept of sexual migration has recently been developed to refer to ‘international relocation that is motivated, directly or indirectly, by the sexuality of those who migrate’ ( Carrillo 2004: 59) and both male and female migrants to the USA have reported experiencing less restrictive gender expectations and greater sexual freedom ( Hondagneu-Sotelo 1994, Carrillo 2004). Like other Latinos, gay Latino migrants have reported coming to the USA to improve their financial situation, provide monetary support to their families, advance their education or escape from political turmoil ( Shedlin et al. Structural factors in the home country, such as poverty, socioeconomic class, political instability and limited educational opportunities, frequently provide the impetus to emigrate. This paper focuses on immigrant Latino MSM and examines ways in which social context in the home country may be related to migration, as well as ways in which the social context in the gay epicentre of New York City may be related to sexual behavior and sexual risk. Moreover, Latino MSM in the USA continue to have high rates of unprotected anal intercourse, with nearly half reporting at least one instance of unprotected anal intercourse in the last month ( Chng and Géliga-Vargas 2000). Although new diagnoses of AIDS have declined among white MSM, the number has increased among Latino MSM ( Henry J.
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Latinos are also over-represented among AIDS cases, accounting for 14% of the population but 19% of AIDS diagnoses ( CDC 2006b). Men who have sex with men are disproportionately affected by HIV/AIDS they constitute an estimated 5–7% of the population but account for 54% of diagnosed cases of AIDS ( CDC 2006a). Latino MSM in the USA represent two vulnerable groups: Latinos and MSM. Understanding the sexual behavior of immigrant Latino men who have sex with men (MSM) is important as a way not only of exploring the social construction of sexuality but also of gaining insight into a group at special risk for HIV. Implications for future programme development are discussed alongside prevention efforts targeting migrants during this critical period. The tendency to engage in high levels of sexual activity during the early period after arrival in New York City was particularly evident among younger men. Moreover, sex in public venues, such as parks and sex cabins, was readily available to those who do not speak English. The anonymity of living in a gay epicentre such as New York City, often without social connections from the past, was experienced as liberating and conducive to sexual exploration. A majority of the participants reported easy access to sex partners and frequent sexual encounters. The study also examined how the social context encountered in the early years after migration shaped sexual behavior and risk. Findings suggest that Latino men who have sex with men frequently reported coming to the USA to escape homo-negativity and to achieve greater sexual freedom. First, we investigated how the social context in the home country affected motivation for migration. Key informant interviews, in-depth interviews and focus groups were conducted to examine ways in which social context influenced the behavior of Brazilian, Colombian and Dominican men who have sex with men.